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References

PlantNative's plant entries are compiled from published scientific and government sources. Each plant page cites the relevant reference keys (for example R7, R8), which correspond to the list below.

  1. Key. Full citation
  2. R1. Reddy, C. S. (2008). Catalogue of invasive alien flora of India. Life Science Journal, 5(2), 84-89.
  3. R2. Khuroo, A. A., Reshi, Z. A., Malik, A. H., Weber, E., Rashid, I., & Dar, G. H. (2012). Alien flora of India: taxonomic composition, invasion status and biogeographic affiliations. Biological Invasions, 14(1), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-9981-2
  4. R3. Sandilyan, S. (comp.). Invasive Alien Species of India. Centre for Biodiversity Policy and Law (CEBPOL), National Biodiversity Authority, Chennai. http://nbaindia.org/uploaded/pdf/Iaslist.pdf
  5. R4. National Biodiversity Authority (CEBPOL). Guidelines for Prioritization of Invasive Alien Plants of India for Management. National Biodiversity Authority, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai.
  6. R5. CABI. Invasive Species Compendium / CABI Compendium. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/product/qi
  7. R6. IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG). Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/
  8. R7. India Biodiversity Portal. National platform hosted by a consortium of institutions. https://indiabiodiversity.org
  9. R8. Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. ENVIS Centre on Floral Diversity / Flora of India. http://bsienvis.nic.in
  10. R9. Junglescapes Charitable Trust (2024). Reviving Wildlife Habitats: A Field Manual for Ecological Restoration of Forests Invaded by Lantana camara. Notion Press.
  11. R10. Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org (used for accepted names and author citations).
  12. R11. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India (used for documented traditional medicinal uses).
  13. R12. Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. Indian Medicinal Plants. (Standard reference for traditional medicinal uses of Indian flora).
  14. R13. Mudgal, V., et al. , Prosopis juliflora replacing the native floral community over three decades: a case study of a World Heritage Site, Keoladeo National Park, India. Biodiversity and Conservation, 26 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1392-y (native species displaced by, and counterparts to, invasive Prosopis).
  15. R14. Down To Earth (2024). India's natural areas losing 15,500 sq km a year to fast-spreading invasive species. https://www.downtoearth.org.in (accessible reporting of the national invasion assessment; Lantana extent figures).
  16. R15. Mongabay-India (2021). Large-scale removal of Banni's invasive 'mad tree' Prosopis is not the solution: study. https://india.mongabay.com
  17. R16. Kumar, M., et al. Studies on native competitors of Lantana camara in the Indian Himalayan Region. Scientific Reports (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50287-x (native shrubs out-competed by, and candidate replacements for, Lantana).
  18. R17. Down To Earth / Mongabay-India (2023). Reporting on Senna spectabilis invasion of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Wayanad, Bandipur and Mudumalai; and Greenaria (2024), Senna spectabilis in the Nilgiris.

PlantNative. Know your plants. Grow India native.

Initiated by Geospatial Campus under the National Mission for a Green India (no funding).

Guidance only. Native and invasive status can vary by region and over time. Verify with your State Forest Department or a botanist before large plantings.

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